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Pyramidal Cell Axon Initial Segment In Alzheimer´S Disease

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Antón-Fernández, A. León-Espinosa, G. DeFelipe, J. Muñoz, A. Revista: Scientific Reports ISSN: 2045-2322 Año de publicación: 2022 Volumen: 12 Número: 1 Tipo: Artículo Exportar Texto completo lock_openexterno DOI: 10.1038/S41598-022-12700-9 GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_open Acceso abierto editor Fuente de los datos: Scopus Contactar Aviso Legal Ayuda translate es

The axon initial segment (AIS) is located at the proximal axon and is the site of action potential initiation. This reflects the high density of ion channels found at the AIS. Adaptive changes to the location and length of the AIS can fine-tune the The axon initial segment is a highly specialized neuronal compartment, identified almost 50 years ago by the pioneers of electron microscopy. Located in the first 50 μm of the axon, it contains unique cytoskeletal features and concentrates a repertoire of specific scaffold and membrane proteins that assembles just after axon

Alzheimer s disease: an axonal injury disease?

Frontiers | Pyramidal cell development: postnatal spinogenesis ...

Using immunohistochemistry, we analysed axon initial segments from control and multiple sclerosis tissue, focusing on layer 5/6 pyramidal neurons in the neocortex and Purkinje cells in the The axon initial segment (AIS) is a specialized membrane region in the axon of neurons where action potentials are initiated. Crucial to the function of the AIS is the presence of specific voltage-gated channels clustered at high densities, giving the AIS unique electrical properties. Here we review recent data on the physiology of the AIS. These data indicate that

Antón-Fernández, A. León-Espinosa, G. DeFelipe, J. Muñoz, A. Aldizkaria: Scientific Reports ISSN: 2045-2322 Argitalpen urtea: 2022 Alea: 12 Zenbakia: 1 Mota: Artikulua Esportatu Testu osoa lock_open Testu osoa externo DOI: 10.1038/S41598-022-12700-9 GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_open Sarbide irekia editor Datuen iturria: Scopus

Expert Review Open access Published: 07 July 2023 Fast-spiking parvalbumin-positive interneurons in brain physiology and Alzheimer’s disease Sara Hijazi, August B. Smit & Ronald E. van Kesteren Abstract Axonal pathology has been widely reported in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). As a highly structured region in the axon, axon initial segment (AIS) plays a vital role in action potential (AP) dynamics, including initiation and propagation, closely linked to neuronal excitability and neurotransmitter release kinetics.

NOTA: Los ítems de Digital.CSIC están protegidos por copyright, con todos los derechos reservados, a menos que se indique lo contrario. The axon initial segment and its molecular composition. (A) Cortical layer II/III pyramidal neurons in a Thy1-GFP animal with examples of different axon and AIS morphologies: lower left hand cell with an axon carrying dendrite (AcD cell; cell in red, AIS in yellow indicated by arrows, with immunostaining against AIS marker βIV-spectrin). Upper right hand cells both have an axon In the cerebral cortex parvalbumin is largely found in two subsets of GABAergic neurons, the chandelier and basket cells. A distinguishing characteristic of the chandelier cell is that the terminal portions of its axon form short vertical strings of boutons resembling candlesticks, which embrace the initial segment of pyramidal cell

Pyramidal cell axon initial segment in Alzheimer’s disease

Chandelier cells (ChCs) are a unique type of GABAergic interneuron that selectively innervate the axon initial segment (AIS) of excitatory pyramidal neurons; the subcellular domain where action potentials are initiated. The proper genesis and maturation of ChCs is critical for regulating neural ensemble firing in the neocortex throughout development Pyramidal cell axon initial segment in Alzheimer´s disease Article Full-text available May 2022 WEB OF SCIENCE TM Citations 4 checked on 07-nov-2023

  • Alzheimer s disease: an axonal injury disease?
  • Pyramidal cell axon initial segment in Alzheimer’s disease
  • Axon initial segments: structure, function, and disease

Mutations in these channels are associated with brain diseases or mental disorders [3]; however, alterations of their density, location, or scaffold proteins are also a potential cause of brain diseases. Voltage-gated ion channels are highly concentrated at the axon initial segment (AIS) and are responsible for action potential The 20–60 μm axon initial segment (AIS) is proximally located at the interface between the axon and cell body. AIS has characteristic molecular and structural properties regulated by the crucial protein, ankyrin-G. The AIS contains a high density of Na+ channels relative to the cell body, which allows low thresholds for the initiation of action potential (AP).

In contrast, in both cell types, the axon initial segment position was altered, with 45 an increased soma-axon initial segment gap, in both active and inactive demyelinated lesions. 46 In addition, using a computational model, we show that this increased gap between soma and 47 axon initial segment might increase neuronal excitability.

We found that the axon initial segment length was increased only in pyramidal neurons of inactive demyelinated lesions, compared with normal appearing grey matter tissue. In contrast, in both cell types, the axon initial segment position was altered, with an increased soma-axon initial segment gap, in both active and inactive

  • 生命科学学院张研课题组发现老年性痴呆症中的轴突异常
  • Axon Initial Segment Structure and Function in Health and Disease
  • Feedback-Driven Assembly of the Axon Initial Segment
  • Signal Processing in the Axon Initial Segment
  • Alzheimer’s disease: an axonal injury disease?

Neurons are highly polarized cells featuring distinct axonal and somatodendritic compartments. The anatomical differences between these two major compartments are highlighted by a distinct protein composition and exclusive organelles present in each compartment. The axon-soma boundary is marked by a unique structural feature called the axon initial segment (AIS), which Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by the early presence of amyloid-β (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau. Identifying the neuropathological changes preceding cognitive decline is crucial for early intervention. Axon initial segment (AIS) maintains the orderly structure of the axon and is responsible for initiating Main Text Introduction The axon of neurons in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) contains a specialized region called the axon initial segment (AIS). This denotes a thin unmyelinated region of axon (10–60 μm in length) between its origin at the axon hillock, typically near the cell body, and the beginning of myelination

Signal Processing in the Axon Initial Segment: Neuron

Axonal pathology has been widely reported in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). As a highly structured region in the axon, axon initial segment (AIS) plays a vital role in action potential (AP) dynamics 以上成果近日以题为“ Selective filtering defect at the axon initial segment in Alzheimer’s disease mouse models ”的文章形式在线发表于“美国科学院院刊”（PNAS）上。 该论文的第一作者是张研课题组博士研究生孙夏琴和吴钰。 The axon initial segment (AIS) is a specialized membrane region in the axon of neurons where action poten-tials are initiated. Crucial to the function of the AIS is the presence of specific voltage-gated channels clustered at high densities, giving the AIS unique electrical properties. Here we review recent data on the physiology of the AIS. These data indicate that the role of

In Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the presence of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques alters the synaptic input to pyramidal cells in a number of ways. Axon initial segment (AIS) is the most excitable subcellular domain of a neuron for action potential initiation. AISs of cortical projection neurons (PNs) receive GABAergic synaptic inputs primarily from chandelier cells (ChCs), which are believed to regulate action potential generation and modulate neuronal excitability. As individual ChCs often innervate hundreds of The axon initial segment (AIS) is a specialized membrane region in the axon of neurons where action potentials are initiated. Crucial to the function of the AIS is the presence of specific voltage-gated channels clustered at high densities, giving the AIS unique electrical properties. Here we review recent data on the physiology of the AIS. These data indicate that

The axon initial segment (AIS) is located at the beginning of the axon, serving as a critical hub for the initiation and modulation of action Antón-Fernández, A. León-Espinosa, G. DeFelipe, J. Muñoz, A. Journal: Scientific Reports ISSN: 2045-2322 Year of publication: 2022 Volume: 12 Issue: 1 Type: Article Export Full text lock_openexterno DOI: 10.1038/S41598-022-12700-9 GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_open Open access editor Data source: Scopus translate The axon initial segment (AIS) is located at the proximal axon and is the site of action potential initiation. This reflects the high density of ion channels found at the AIS. Adaptive changes to the location and length of the AIS can fine-tune the excitability of neurons and modulate plasticity in

The neuronal constituents of the cerebral cortex are comprised of many types of pyramidal neurons and a heterogeneous group of nonpyramidal nerve cell types (5–8). Most types of pyramidal cells generate an axon which enters the white matter and terminates in other cortical areas or subcortical structures. The axon and frequently its collateral branches are myelinated A nerve cell sends signals to others through action potentials, which begin at the ‚initial segment‘ of the neuron’s axon. It is now shown that changes in electrical activity can alter the

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Alterations of the axon initial segment in multiple sclerosis

While K V 1s appear to be expressed throughout pyramidal cell axons, their expression is restricted to the AIS in cerebellar stellate cells (103), and are completely absent from cerebellar Purkinje cell initial segments (165). Both Aβ and tau have been implicated in causing damage at multiple sites along the axon, including the axon terminal, axon midsection, and axon initial segment (AIS).